Manufacture of dry-cell batteries (manganese dioxide);
Iron and steel industry as a reagent to reduce sulphur and oxygen;
Manganese electroplating;
Manufacture of paints, varnishes, inks and dyes, fertilisers, feed additives, disinfectants and bleaching agents, glass and ceramics (decolouriser and colouring agent);
Manufacture of matches and fireworks;
Manufacture of potassium permanganate;
Welding operations with manganese-coated rods;
Water treatment;
Exposure to fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) and mangafodipir to increase octane level of gasoline and improve anti-knock properties of fuel.
Medical Examinations
Indications:
Any exposure to manganese and its compounds
Types of Tests and Frequency of Examinations
Pre-placement medical examination: within three months of exposure
Clinical examination shall include a detailed medical and work history with emphasis on:
i. past, present and anticipated future exposure to manganese;
ii. behavioural and neurological changes (speech and emotional disturbances, hypertonia, tremor, equilibrium, gait, handwriting and adiadochokinesis).
Test:
i. Urine manganese (U-Mn) estimation on post-shift urine specimen collected at end of workweek, corrected to SG of 1.016.
Unfit for exposure to manganese:
i. Persons diagnosed with Parkinsonism.
Periodic medical examinations: every 12 months
Clinical examination with particular emphasis on the CNS;
Estimation of urinary manganese (U-Mn) estimation a post-shift urine specimen at collected end of workweek, corrected to SG of 1.016
BTLV for urinary manganese (U-Mn) = 50 mcg/L Action level for U-Mn = 40 mcg/L
